Queen Consort of the United Kingdom Caroline

Caroline was born around May 17, 1768, the second daughter of Duke Charles William Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Augusta, Princess Royal of England, who was the sister of King George III. Her marriage on April 8, 1795, to her cousin George, Prince of Wales, was arranged against her will, and their mutual dislike was immediate upon her arrival from Germany. Following the birth of their only child, Princess Charlotte Augusta, in January 1796, the couple formally separated amidst bitter enmity. Absolved of her conjugal duties, Caroline embarked on an extensive tour of the Continent, North Africa, and the Middle East in 1814, which lasted five and a half years. During her travels, particularly while in Milan, Italy, she appointed Bartolomeo Pergami as her "cabinet-courier," leading to rumors of their relationship that eventually reached England.Upon King George III's death on January 29, 1820, George succeeded to the throne, and Caroline became Queen Consort. Her husband offered her a generous stipend on the condition that she remain in Italy, but Caroline was determined to assert her title and returned to England, where she was met with public acclaim. In response, King George IV initiated parliamentary proceedings to impeach her for "licentious, disgraceful, and adulterous intercourse," seeking to dissolve their marriage and strip her of her title. The "trial of Queen Caroline" commenced in the House of Lords on August 17, 1820, becoming a significant media event with testimonies from various companions. Although a slim majority of the Lords voted for the impeachment bill, it was ultimately shelved in November 1820 due to widespread public demonstrations against the perceived persecution of the Queen. Despite public support, Caroline was forcibly denied entry to George IV's coronation on July 19, 1821. She died shortly thereafter on August 7, 1821, in London. Her daughter, Princess Charlotte Augusta, had previously died in childbirth on November 6, 1817, an event that significantly altered the line of succession, paving the way for Queen Victoria's eventual ascension.